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Definition - What it is

Function - What it does

Example -Where it's used

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Gliding Joint

Condyloid Joints

Hinge Joints

Ball and Socket Joints

Pivot Joint

Saddle Joint

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and its articulating surfaces of the involved bones are flat or only slightly curved.

The shape of this joint allows for smooth movement in several directions along a plane or other smooth surface. The articulation is like two plates sliding across each other.

Some examples are the joints located in the wrists, ankles and spine. A hand waving from side-to-side is one example of the use this joint.

are distinguished from the other kinds of synovial joints by the distinctive oval shape of the bones involved. Both the articular surface of the bone inserting into the joint and the cavity receiving the bone are elliptical in shape.

The shape of this joint permits movement in two planes, allowing flexion and extension in one plane and adduction and abduction in another.

These movements can be demonstrated by examining the wrist joint, a prime example of this joint. In the wrist, the condyle is located on the end of the radius bone of the forearm, and it articulates with the cavities of the adjacent carpus bones of the wrist.

This joint has the articular surfaces moulded together in such a manner that permit motion only in one plane.

This joint allows movement in only one direction in one plane, flexion and extension.

An example of this joint is the elbow, in which a convex part of one bone fits into a concave part of another, allowing motion in only one plane.

generally rotates within a socket. It is a freely moving joint where a sphere found at the head of a bone fits into a cavity, which is rounded, in the other bone

The distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of axes, which have one common center. This enables the bone to move in many planes (almost all directions)

An example of this joint is the shoulder joint. The humerus (upper arm bone) fits into the socket of the shoulder blade. Because the socket is shallow and the joint loose, the shoulder is the body's most mobile joint

has the axis of a convex articular surface parallel with the longitudinal axis of the bone.

These joints allow for rotation, which can be external (for example when rotating an arm outward), or internal (as in rotating an arm inward). When rotating the forearm, these movements are typically called pronation and supination

An example of this joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint, allowing the arm to rotate outwards.

is composed of a saddle-shaped articular surface that are convex in one direction and concave in another.

This joint, because of its structure, permits movements in all directions except axial rotation. These movements include flexion, extension, adduction, abduction and circumduction.

The saddle joint gives the human thumb the ability to cross over the palm of the hand.