Location is when something can be found on the earth's surface. This can be measured in two ways. Absolute location indicates where something is found (using coordinates). Relative location is describing the distance and direction of one place to another (1.6 kilometers east of Melbourne).

Map scale refers to the relationship between measurements on a map and the actual size of the feature shown. Observational scale refers to the size of the area being studied (local, regional, international).

The space between the location of things.

The arrangement of things at or near the earths surface viewed at different scales (clustered, linear pattern, scattered in uneven manner).

Definable areas with one or more common characteristics.

The change of geographical characteristics, features or patterns in an area over a period of time.

The change in location of one or more things across the earths surface, including the direction, method, rate, nature and volume of movement.

The degree to which two or more things are similarly distributed in an area (strong, moderate, weak or none).

The relationship between phenomena and places in the environment and the degree to which they affect affect each other.